What if the biggest barrier to starting a family isn’t just about biology, but hunger?

Recent reports, including an eye-opening article from NPR on the dire starvation crisis in Gaza People are dying of malnutrition in Gaza. How does starvation kill you?, have brought global attention to how severe food deprivation devastates bodies. But beyond the immediate and tragic health consequences of starvation, there’s a less talked about — yet deeply impactful — ripple effect: the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.

Why Does Nutrition Matter So Much for Fertility?

Malnutrition strikes at the core of reproductive health. The body needs adequate nutrients to regulate hormones, support ovulation and sperm production, and maintain a nurturing environment for a growing embryo. When nutrition falters, the reproductive system is one of the first to signal distress.

• In women, low body fat and nutrient deficiencies can disrupt menstrual cycles or cause amenorrhea (absence of periods), making ovulation irregular or absent.
• In men, poor nutrition can reduce sperm count, motility, and morphology — all critical for fertilization.

The Science Behind Starvation’s Grip on Fertility

In Gaza and other regions suffering from severe food shortages, the combination of caloric deficit and micronutrient depletion triggers a cascade of biological responses:

1. Hormonal Imbalance: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which governs reproductive hormones, slows down or shuts off to conserve energy.
2. Reduced Gamete Quality: Sperm and eggs require energy and nutrients; deprivation leads to DNA damage and compromised viability.
3. Uterine Environment: Poor nutrition impairs the lining of the uterus, reducing chances of successful implantation.

This means that starvation doesn’t just threaten survival — it directly undermines the chance of conceiving and sustaining pregnancy.

What Does This Mean for Couples Trying to Conceive?

Understanding the profound power of nutrition is essential, especially for those who face challenges conceiving or live in food-insecure environments. It also reframes fertility struggles beyond clinical diagnoses, highlighting the need for holistic well-being including adequate nutrition.

So, what can hopeful parents do amid nutritional challenges?

• Prioritize Nutrient-Dense Foods: Even small improvements in diet quality can bolster reproductive health.
• Consider Supplementation: Key nutrients like folate, iron, zinc, and vitamins A, C, D, and E are pivotal for fertility.
• Explore At-Home Fertility Solutions: For many, clinical fertility treatments may be inaccessible or unaffordable, especially in crises. Innovative, cost-effective home insemination kits such as those offered by MakeAMom provide discreet, reusable, and tailored options to support conception despite obstacles.

The Bigger Picture: Fertility as a Reflection of Global Health Equity

The stark realities faced by millions in Gaza, Sudan, Yemen, and beyond underscore how intertwined reproductive health is with food security and societal stability. Fertility is not just a personal journey—it’s a sensitive marker of broader health disparities. As the world grapples with humanitarian crises, integrating reproductive health support with nutrition aid could change countless futures.

Concluding Thoughts: Fertility, Food, and the Fight for Life

Starvation’s silent strike on fertility is a call to action. Whether you’re personally on a path to parenthood or an advocate for global health, recognizing the vital role nutrition plays in conception opens new doors for empathy and innovation.

If you or someone you know is navigating fertility challenges, especially under unique circumstances, exploring resources like MakeAMom’s home insemination kits could offer practical, empowering options tailored to diverse needs — from low sperm motility to specific sensitivities.

Have you or your community faced fertility challenges linked to nutrition or access to care? Share your story or thoughts below. Together, we can better understand and support the complex journey to parenthood, even in the face of adversity.

Ever thought pregnancy cravings were just about bizarre food combos? Think again.

Take Nara Smith—the model and expectant mom of four—who recently spilled the beans on her very unique pregnancy cravings. Unlike your average pickles-and-ice-cream story, Nara’s cravings come with a twist: she whips up her go-to snacks from scratch. Now that's dedication!

But why does this matter to you, especially if you’re navigating the fertility maze or prepping for a future bundle of joy?

The Craving Conundrum: More Than Just Hunger Pangs

Pregnancy cravings have baffled scientists and moms alike for ages. Is it just about flavor, or is the body secretly texting us SOS messages about what nutrients it craves? Turns out, it’s a bit of both.

Nara’s homemade treats hint at something deeper: the power of nutrition and personal agency during pregnancy. Carefully crafting snacks from scratch isn’t just a culinary flex—it’s about nourishing the body the way it truly needs.

From Cravings to Conception: Why Nutrition Isn't Just for the Bump

Whether you're already pregnant or in the process of trying to conceive, what you eat can impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Here’s the kicker: personalized, nutrient-dense foods prepared with care might play an underrated role in this journey.

It’s no secret that fertility can be a rollercoaster. And while medical interventions are a vital part of many stories, there’s a growing desire for more natural, at-home approaches that put control back in your hands.

Enter At-Home Fertility Solutions: Your New BFFs

Speaking of taking control, have you heard about the latest in-home insemination kits? Brands like MakeAMom have revolutionized the game by providing discreet, affordable, and effective options for people exploring parenthood outside traditional clinics.

Their carefully designed kits—like CryoBaby for low-volume sperm, Impregnator for low motility, and BabyMaker for those with special sensitivities—offer tailored support that meets you right where you are. Plus, their kits are reusable and come in plain packaging, respecting your privacy and your budget.

So, What Does This Mean for You?

Imagine combining the care Nara Smith puts into her homemade cravings with the empowerment of taking fertility into your own hands. Instead of feeling overwhelmed by medical jargon or expensive procedures, what if your journey could include wholesome nutrition and trustworthy at-home tools?

Think:

• Whipping up nutrient-packed snacks that satisfy both cravings and your body’s needs.
• Using a kit designed just for your fertility profile.
• Maintaining privacy and comfort by managing insemination right at home.

Why This Matters in 2025

In today’s fast-paced, diverse world, people are craving more personalized and inclusive paths to parenthood. Whether you're single, part of an LGBTQ+ couple, or simply wanting to avoid the clinical sterilization of fertility treatments, the landscape is shifting.

And if pregnancy cravings have taught us anything, it’s that listening closely to what your body—and your heart—desires can unlock unexpected joys and surprises.

A Little Food for Thought

So next time you feel an unconventional craving or find yourself planning your fertility strategy, remember Nara Smith's story. It’s about more than just the snacks; it’s about taking ownership of your journey, nurturing your body and soul every step of the way.

If you’re curious about exploring at-home insemination options that can complement your natural approach, you might want to check out how MakeAMom’s innovative kits could fit into your story.

Hungry for More?

Curious to learn about Nara’s exact creations or want to dive deeper into combining nutrition and fertility? Check out the original E! Online article about Nara Smith’s cravings for inspiration.

And hey—what’s the wildest craving you’ve had (or heard of) during pregnancy? Drop your story below or share this post with someone who needs a little inspiration on their journey!

Because when it comes to making babies and snacks, a little creativity and care can make all the difference.

Ever heard of cravings so unique they turn pregnancy snack time into an artisanal workshop? Pregnant Nara Smith, mom-to-be and style icon, recently spilled the beans on her unconventional pregnancy cravings—and get this—they’re all whipped up from scratch. Yes, you read that right. No vending machine runs, no midnight drive-thrus, just good old homemade magic.

Now, you might be wondering, why should this matter to anyone beyond Nara’s inner circle? Well, cravings during pregnancy are more than quirky anecdotes; they can offer surprising insights into the nutritional needs and body signals during this incredible journey. And if you’re someone exploring fertility or early pregnancy stages, these insights could be game-changing.

The Craving Conundrum: More Than Just Mood Swings?

Pregnancy cravings often get dismissed as random urges or just a cute side effect of hormonal chaos. But emerging evidence—and kudos to moms like Nara who embrace this creativity—suggests cravings might actually reflect your body's deeper nutritional calls. For instance, craving something tangy might indicate a need for vitamin C; a hankering for salty snacks could hint at electrolyte balance needs.

And Nara’s approach? Making these snacks from scratch is not just trendy—it’s a clever way to control ingredients, ensuring she’s nourishing her body (and baby) with quality food without any unwanted additives.

What This Means for Fertility and Pregnancy Nutrition

We all know nutrition plays a colossal role not only in pregnancy but also in enhancing fertility. Foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants can support reproductive health, hormonal balance, and even improve egg quality and sperm health. But getting those nutrients effectively? That’s where the art of preparation comes in.

• DIY snacks = Nutrient control: When you make your own pregnancy snacks, you choose ingredients that contribute to your fertility health rather than empty calories.
• Personalized nutrition: Tailoring snacks to your craving signals can boost nutrient intake based on your body’s unique needs.
• Mindful eating: The act of creating your own food encourages mindfulness, which can decrease stress—a known fertility killer.

At-Home Fertility Solutions Meet the DIY Craze

Speaking of taking control from the comfort of home, there’s a fascinating parallel in the world of fertility treatments. Organizations like MakeAMom are empowering individuals and couples to take an active role in their parenthood journey through at-home insemination kits. Think of it like Nara’s homemade snacks—personalized, discreet, and tailored to your needs.

MakeAMom’s kits, from CryoBaby to BabyMaker, offer reusable, cost-effective tools designed specifically to match unique fertility situations—from low motility sperm to sensitivities like vaginismus—all in the privacy of your own space. It’s fertility innovation mixed with a sprinkle of empowerment.

Curious how this all ties together? Just like Nara’s handcrafted snacks nurture her pregnancy, tools like MakeAMom’s kits nurture your dreams of conception with care, precision, and accessibility. You can dive deeper into their approach and find resources that might make your journey feel more manageable and hopeful by checking out their at-home insemination solutions.

The Bottom Line: Tune Into Your Body, Own Your Journey

Whether you’re cooking up a storm inspired by Nara Smith’s unique cravings or exploring at-home fertility methods, the message is clear: take control, stay informed, and don’t be afraid to get creative. Your body knows what it needs, sometimes in secret codes disguised as cravings or fertility challenges.

So here’s a little challenge: what if your next craving is a hint, not a hassle? What if your path to parenthood can be as personalized—and satisfying—as whipping up that perfect homemade snack?

Ready to explore the delicious, DIY, and empowering side of fertility and pregnancy? Drop your thoughts, tips, or wildest pregnancy cravings in the comments. We’re all ears (and snacks) here!

Inspired by the candid revelations of Nara Smith’s pregnancy cravings, this post melds nutrition, fertility, and at-home innovation to shed light on how small, intentional acts can make a huge difference on your journey to parenthood.

Have you ever wondered why pregnancy cravings can be so strange, yet so intense? Well, if you haven’t, you’re about to get a front-row seat into a truly fascinating experience — one that goes way beyond the classic pickles and ice cream. Recently, Nara Smith, who is expecting her fourth child with husband Lucky Blue Smith, gave us a peek into her world of unconventional, made-from-scratch cravings, and it’s got us rethinking everything we thought we knew about pregnancy desires. Check out her story here for some seriously surprising food combos!

But why do these cravings happen? And what can they tell us about the journey to parenthood — especially for those of us exploring every path to conceive, including at-home options? Let’s dive in.

The Science (and Mystery) Behind Pregnancy Cravings

Pregnancy cravings are more than just quirky anecdotes — they’re often your body’s way of signaling what nutrients it needs. Hormonal shifts can send your taste buds on a rollercoaster ride, and sometimes those cravings might be for really specific things. For example, craving sour or salty snacks might hint at a need for extra minerals like magnesium or sodium, while sweet cravings could point to a dip in energy or blood sugar levels.

But Nara Smith’s cravings take this to a whole new level — she’s been known to whip up unique snacks entirely from scratch, tailored exactly to what her body seems to need at the moment. This reminds us that pregnancy is a deeply personal journey, where listening to your body’s signals can be empowering and reassuring.

What Does This Mean for Those Trying to Conceive?

Now, you might be thinking, "Okay, cravings are interesting, but how does this relate to me, especially if I’m still trying to conceive?" Here’s the thing: fertility and nutrition are intertwined more than most people realize.

Eating nutrient-rich foods can support ovulation, sperm health, and the overall environment needed for conception. And if you’re exploring at-home insemination or other fertility methods, maintaining a balanced diet tailored to your needs can improve your chances of success.

That’s where resources like MakeAMom come into the picture. They offer at-home insemination kits designed for different fertility challenges, making it easier and more affordable for individuals and couples to take control of their fertility journey in the comfort of their home, all while staying mindful of their nutritional and emotional wellbeing. Curious? Check out their versatile options that match your unique situation — from low motility to sensitivities, their reusable kits might just be the game-changer you need.

5 Surprisingly Insightful Lessons from Nara Smith’s Pregnancy Cravings

1. Trust Your Body’s Wisdom. Pregnancy cravings are your body’s way of communicating. Don’t ignore them — explore what nutrients you might be missing.

2. Homemade is Healing. Making snacks from scratch, like Nara does, means you control what goes in — minimizing additives and maximizing nutrition.

3. Cravings Vary Widely. Just because you or your friend crave something doesn’t mean it’s universal. Respect your unique pregnancy or fertility experience.

4. Nutrition Supports Fertility. What you eat affects egg quality, sperm motility, and hormonal balance — foundational aspects of conception.

5. Holistic Approaches Empower You. Combining good nutrition with options like home insemination creates a supportive environment for your dream of parenthood.

How to Harness Your Cravings for Better Fertility Health

• Keep a Food Journal: Track what you crave and eat — it might reveal patterns or deficiencies.
• Seek Nutrient-Rich Alternatives: Swap processed cravings for wholesome homemade snacks.
• Stay Hydrated: Sometimes thirst masquerades as cravings.
• Consult Professionals: Nutritionists or fertility experts can tailor advice to your needs.
• Explore At-Home Solutions: If fertility challenges arise, consider discreet, affordable options like MakeAMom’s at-home insemination kits that adapt to different circumstances.

Wrapping It Up

Pregnancy cravings, like those shared by Nara Smith, do more than satisfy a quirky appetite — they open a window into the complex, beautiful shifts happening in your body. Whether you’re actively pregnant or still on your path to conception, paying attention to what your body tells you can be a powerful ally in your fertility journey.

And remember, while nutrition is key, don’t underestimate the power of accessible, respectful fertility solutions that meet you where you are. From the comfort of your own home, innovative tools like those from MakeAMom provide hope and practical support to so many.

So, what’s the most unusual craving you’ve had or heard about? Share your story below — let’s explore this fascinating side of pregnancy and fertility together!

Ever wondered what your pregnancy cravings say about you—or your fertility journey? If you thought craving pickles and ice cream was quirky, wait till you hear about Nara Smith’s truly unconventional cravings that she whips up from scratch! Recently, the glowing mom-to-be (expecting her fourth!) shared her go-to snack adventures, leaving us intrigued and inspired. You can check out her story here: Pregnant Nara Smith Details Unique Cravings—Yes, Made From Scratch.

But what if those cravings are more than just weird snack attacks? Could they be signaling something about your fertility or giving clues to how your body is gearing up for pregnancy? Spoiler: They might be.

The Craving-Fertility Connection: More Than Just Hunger Pangs

Pregnancy cravings have long been teased as random urges brought on by hormones. But emerging research shows that your body might be trying to tell you something important about its nutritional needs. For example:

• Craving salty snacks? Your body might be looking for extra sodium, potentially to maintain fluid balance as blood volume increases.
• Yearning for protein-rich bites? This could mean your body needs building blocks for fetal growth.
• Sweet tooth kicking in? Energy demands spike; your body might crave a quick fuel boost.

What’s fascinating is how these cravings intersect with fertility nutrition—the foundation for a healthy conception and pregnancy.

Nara Smith’s DIY Snack Magic: A Lesson in Mindful Eating

What’s extra cool about Nara’s story is her approach: she goes old school by making her snacks from scratch. Not only does this guarantee freshness, but it also means she controls every ingredient nourishing her body and baby. This act of mindful eating mirrors a growing trend among those on fertility journeys who want to be intentional about what they fuel their bodies with.

Fertility Meets Convenience: The At-Home Option Revolution

Here’s the plot twist—while nutrition is crucial, sometimes the journey to parenthood isn’t straightforward. Many individuals and couples are turning to innovative, less clinical options like at-home insemination kits to take control of their path to pregnancy. Companies like MakeAMom offer discreet, reusable kits like CryoBaby, Impregnator, and BabyMaker designed to address various fertility challenges right from your cozy living room.

Imagine pairing that modern approach with a diet inspired by your unique cravings—talk about a tailored fertility plan!

How to Decode Your Cravings and Boost Fertility Naturally

Ready to turn those midnight snack urges into fertility-friendly fuel? Here’s how you can start:

1. Listen first – Don’t just suppress cravings; jot them down. Notice patterns.
2. Nutrient match – Research what nutrients your cravings might indicate.
3. DIY where possible – Like Nara, try making your own snacks to avoid preservatives and excess sugars.
4. Complement with tech – If you’re considering at-home insemination, research discreet and effective kits that address your specific needs.
5. Consult experts – Always check in with your healthcare provider or fertility specialist to tailor your approach.

The Takeaway: Cravings Are Clues, Not Just Quirks

Next time you find yourself whipping up a bizarre snack combo, remember: your body might just be sending you fertility signals. Whether you’re navigating natural conception or exploring at-home insemination, embracing these clues can empower your journey.

And if you’re curious about how combining personalized nutrition with innovative fertility tools can make a difference, exploring resources like those from MakeAMom could be the game-changer you didn’t know you needed.

So, what’s your most surprising craving? Share below and let’s decode those fertility clues together! 🍽️👶

P.S. For more on unconventional pregnancy experiences and fertility-friendly innovations, don’t miss the original article on Nara Smith’s cravings here. It’s a delightful peek into the fascinating world of pregnancy cravings and beyond.

Why do pregnancy cravings seem so bizarre, and can they actually tell us something valuable about fertility? If you caught the recent story about Nara Smith, who’s expecting her fourth child, you might have been surprised by the unusual foods she’s been making from scratch to satisfy her cravings. But what if these cravings aren’t just quirky indulgences, but rather signals from the body that could inform fertility and pregnancy support strategies?

In an exclusive insight shared by E! Online, Nara Smith detailed her unique pregnancy cravings that go beyond the common sweets or pickles trope. She’s whipping up homemade snacks that are unconventional yet nourishing, highlighting a fascinating intersection between nutrition, fertility, and personal well-being during pregnancy.

The Craving Conundrum: More Than Meets the Eye

Pregnancy cravings are often dismissed as mere oddities, but research suggests they might be tied to nutritional needs or hormonal changes. For individuals and couples trying to conceive, understanding this phenomenon can offer clues to optimizing fertility nutrition and overall health.

• Are cravings signals of micronutrient deficiencies? Studies over the years have shown correlations between cravings and the body's demand for specific vitamins or minerals. For example, craving sour or salty foods might indicate electrolyte imbalances.

• Do cravings affect fertility success rates? While direct causal links are complex, nutrition undeniably impacts reproductive health. Balanced and targeted nutrient intake can enhance ovulation quality, sperm motility, and implantation success.

• Can preparing meals from scratch enhance fertility? Home-cooked meals typically avoid preservatives and artificial additives, which aligns with recommendations for clean eating during conception attempts.

Data-Driven Insights: Fertility Nutrition Trends

A synthesis of fertility nutrition research reveals that diets rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, and whole foods correspond with higher conception rates. But many individuals face challenges maintaining such diets consistently, especially when dealing with stress or lifestyle constraints.

This is where understanding body signals — like cravings — can be transformative. Recognizing what your body is 'asking' for can help tailor a fertility-friendly diet that supports both conception and pregnancy health.

At-Home Fertility Solutions: Bridging Science and Personal Journeys

In recent years, the rise of at-home fertility solutions has empowered people to take control of their conception journeys. Companies like MakeAMom specialize in at-home insemination kits that cater to various fertility needs, providing a discreet, cost-effective, and user-friendly alternative to clinic visits.

For example, MakeAMom’s range includes:

• CryoBaby kit: optimized for low-volume or frozen sperm
• Impregnator kit: designed for cases with low sperm motility
• BabyMaker kit: supportive for users with sensitivities such as vaginismus

These kits offer a success rate of approximately 67%, a statistically significant figure considering traditional methods.

How Nutrition and At-Home Fertility Tools Work Together

Combining insights from nutritional science — like paying attention to cravings and cooking wholesome meals — with innovative tools like MakeAMom’s kits, creates a holistic pathway for hopeful parents.

Imagine this scenario: you’re tuning into your body’s signals, preparing nourishing homemade snacks inspired by Nara Smith’s approach, while also using an at-home insemination kit tailored to your unique fertility profile. This synergy could improve not only your physical readiness but also your mental and emotional well-being.

Privacy and Practicality in Modern Fertility Care

One of the standout features of MakeAMom’s service is privacy — shipments are packaged discreetly without any identifying information, respecting the sensitive nature of fertility treatments. Additionally, their reusable kits are an eco-friendly and budget-conscious choice, contrasting sharply with disposable alternatives.

Closing Thoughts: What Can You Learn From Pregnancy Cravings?

Nara Smith’s story reminds us that pregnancy — and the journey to parenthood — is deeply personal and sometimes surprising. While cravings might seem quirky or even inconvenient, they could offer telling clues about your body’s needs during the most critical stages of fertility and early pregnancy.

If you’re exploring your options for conception, consider not only the medical or procedural aspects but also your lifestyle and body’s signals. Integrating at-home insemination methods with attentive nutrition and self-care strategies might just be the game-changing combination to unlock your path to parenthood.

Curious to learn more about how these innovative at-home kits can fit into your personal journey? Check out thoughtful resources and discreet solutions at MakeAMom’s website.

What’s the most surprising craving you’ve had, or what’s your go-to homemade pregnancy snack? Share your stories below – let’s decode these cravings together!

Have you ever wondered if your body’s energy balance could be quietly influencing your chances of conceiving?

Imagine preparing for a marathon without proper training or diet—it just wouldn’t work, right? Well, your reproductive system works in a similar way. Recent groundbreaking research is revealing how elevated body energy reserves (BER) might negatively affect the environment within the oviduct, a critical place where fertilization and early embryo development happen.

A study published in PLOS ONE titled “The bovine oviductal environment and composition are negatively affected by elevated body energy reserves” examined how excess energy storage in cows altered their reproductive tract environment. This research is eye-opening; although focused on bovines, it opens up questions about similar impacts in humans. What does this mean for you and your fertility journey?

Why Should You Care About Body Energy Reserves?

Body energy reserve refers to the stored energy your body holds, often visible as fat deposits, and can be influenced by your nutrition and lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy energy balance is crucial—not just for your overall health but also for your reproductive organs’ optimal functioning.

In the study, cows with higher body energy reserves had changes in their oviducts that could reduce the ability of sperm and eggs to successfully meet and create life. Think of the oviduct as the ultimate matchmaking spot where the sperm meets the egg. If the environment is off, chances for success can drop dramatically.

So, could having excess body energy reserves, similar to being overweight or having an unbalanced diet, affect your fertility? The answer is increasingly pointing toward yes.

What You Can Do: Taking Control of Your Fertility Through Nutrition and Lifestyle

This research shines a spotlight on why fertility isn’t just about timing or medical interventions—it’s deeply connected to how you nourish and care for your body.

Here’s the good news: you’re not powerless. Adjusting your nutritional intake and maintaining a balanced energy reserve can enhance your fertility environment dramatically.

• Aim for a balanced diet: Rich in whole foods, vegetables, fruits, healthy fats, and lean proteins.
• Avoid excessive calorie surplus: Being mindful of your energy intake to prevent unhealthy fat accumulation.
• Stay active: Regular exercise helps regulate your metabolism and supports hormonal balance.
• Manage stress: Chronic stress can negatively affect your energy regulation and hormones.

At-Home Fertility Solutions Supporting Your Journey

If you’re considering conception and want to take proactive steps, exploring at-home insemination options can be empowering. Companies like MakeAMom specialize in at-home insemination kits designed with your unique fertility needs in mind—from low sperm motility to sensitivities like vaginismus. Their tools provide a private, cost-effective, and scientifically guided pathway to building your family in a way that respects your health and lifestyle.

Plus, MakeAMom offers reusable kits to help you manage your fertility journey sustainably and affordably, all while maintaining discretion in packaging and delivery.

So, What’s the Takeaway?

Your body is a complex, interconnected system where energy balance plays a hidden but vital role in fertility success. Paying attention to your nutritional health and maintaining an optimal body energy reserve may just be the game-changing step that enhances your chances of conceiving naturally.

The science might seem complex, but the message is clear: embrace a lifestyle that honors your body’s natural rhythms and energy needs.

Are you ready to take control of your fertility destiny? Start today by tuning in to your body’s signals, nurturing your health, and exploring supportive fertility options that fit your life.

What changes have you noticed when focusing on your body’s energy balance? Have you tried at-home insemination or other alternative fertility solutions? Share your stories and questions with us below—let’s create a community that uplifts and inspires!